What term describes the implementation of technology without IT department involvement?

The term that describes the implementation of technology without IT department involvement is commonly known as Shadow IT. This refers to situations where employees or departments adopt technology solutions—such as applications, software, or hardware—without the formal approval or input from the IT department.

Shadow IT poses significant security risks because these unapproved tools may not adhere to the organization's security policies, potentially leading to vulnerabilities that can be exploited by malicious actors. Additionally, without oversight from the IT department, the organization may struggle to maintain control over its data, ensure compliance with regulations, or manage the integration of these tools with existing systems effectively.

In contrast, other options like BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) involve the use of personal devices for work purposes with some level of IT involvement and policy framework to manage risks. Cloud computing represents a broader technological paradigm that can be implemented both with and without IT involvement, but it does not inherently imply unauthorized use. Data leakage refers to the unauthorized transfer of data, which is related to security incidents but does not specifically describe the implementation of technology without IT department involvement.