Which technique can Amir use to restore functionality to a computer after a malware infection when no snapshot is available?

Reconstruction is a technique that can be utilized to restore a computer's functionality after a malware infection when no snapshot or backup is available. This process involves a detailed assessment of the system's current state, followed by a methodical rebuilding of necessary system files and configurations to restore the operating environment. By identifying and removing the malware, as well as repairing any damage it may have caused, reconstruction allows the system to return to a working condition.

This method is particularly useful in situations where backups are not present, enabling a technician to salvage the system and restore its functionality without needing to resort to a complete reinstall, which would erase all existing data.

While data recovery focuses on retrieving lost or corrupted files, system restore typically requires a previously created restore point, which may not exist in this scenario. Memory wipe, on the other hand, is a complete erasure of data that would significantly hinder recovery efforts, rather than facilitate the restoration of functionality.